

Big Idea 2īiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. A learning objective merges required content with one or more of the seven science practices. The AP ® Learning Objectives listed in the Curriculum Framework provide a transparent foundation for the AP ® Biology course, an inquiry-based laboratory experience, instructional activities, and AP ® exam questions. Information presented and the examples highlighted in the section support concepts outlined in Big Idea 2 and Big Idea 4 of the AP ® Biology Curriculum Framework. A shift in populations can affect community structure and the ecosystem as a whole. This statistical study of these changes, demography, investigates how populations respond to these fluctuations.

When studying a population, characteristics of that population are quantified and their change is monitored. Populations fluctuate based on both biotic and abiotic factors. A population consists of individuals of the same species living within a specific area. By using mathematics, ecologists can study how interactions among living organisms and with their environment affect the distribution, abundance, density, and life strategies of species.
